Residential Equity, LLC v. Personal
Claim Number: FA0208000117872
PARTIES
Complainant
is Residential Equity, LLC,
Parsippany, NJ, USA (“Complainant”) represented by Kathryn S. Geib. Respondent
is Personal, Moscow, RUSSIA (“Respondent”).
REGISTRAR AND DISPUTED DOMAIN NAME
The
domain name at issue is <coldwellbankers.com>,
registered with BulkRegister.
PANEL
The
undersigned certifies that he has acted independently and impartially and, to
the best of his knowledge, has no known conflict in serving as Panelist in this
proceeding.
The
Honorable Charles K. McCotter, Jr. (Ret.) as Panelist.
PROCEDURAL HISTORY
Complainant
submitted a Complaint to the National Arbitration Forum (the “Forum”)
electronically on August 6, 2002; the Forum received a hard copy of the
Complaint on August 7, 2002.
On
August 7, 2002, BulkRegister confirmed by e-mail to the Forum that the domain
name <coldwellbankers.com> is
registered with BulkRegister and that Respondent is the current registrant of
the name. BulkRegister has verified
that Respondent is bound by the BulkRegister registration agreement and has
thereby agreed to resolve domain-name disputes brought by third parties in
accordance with ICANN’s Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the
“Policy”).
On
August 8, 2002, a Notification of Complaint and Commencement of Administrative
Proceeding (the “Commencement Notification”), setting a deadline of August 28,
2002 by which Respondent could file a Response to the Complaint, was
transmitted to Respondent via e-mail, post and fax, to all entities and persons
listed on Respondent’s registration as technical, administrative and billing
contacts, and to postmaster@coldwellbankers.com by e-mail.
Having
received no Response from Respondent, using the same contact details and
methods as were used for the Commencement Notification, the Forum transmitted
to the parties a Notification of Respondent Default.
On
September 16, 2002, pursuant to Complainant’s request to have the dispute
decided by a single-member Panel, the Forum appointed the Honorable Charles K.
McCotter, Jr. (Ret.) as Panelist.
Having
reviewed the communications records, the Administrative Panel (the “Panel”)
finds that the Forum has discharged its responsibility under Paragraph 2(a) of
the Rules for Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy (the “Rules”) “to
employ reasonably available means calculated to achieve actual notice to
Respondent.” Therefore, the Panel may
issue its decision based on the documents submitted and in accordance with the
ICANN Policy, ICANN Rules, the Forum’s Supplemental Rules and any rules and
principles of law that the Panel deems applicable, without the benefit of any
Response from Respondent.
RELIEF SOUGHT
Complainant
requests that the domain name be transferred from Respondent to Complainant.
PARTIES’ CONTENTIONS
A.
Complainant
The
<coldwellbankers.com> domain name is confusingly similar to
Complainant's COLDWELL BANKER mark.
Respondent
has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name.
Respondent registered and used the
disputed domain name in bad faith.
B.
Respondent
Respondent
failed to submit a Response.
FINDINGS
Complainant is the owner of numerous
COLDWELL BANKER marks that are registered with the United States Patent and
Trademark Office (Reg. Nos. 1,154,155; 1,215,241; 2,057,608; 2,059,501;
2,453,334). Complainant has used the
COLDWELL BANKER mark continuously in connection with the offering of real
estate brokerage services since at least as early as January 7, 1974.
Throughout its years of operation,
Complainant has expended many millions of dollars and significant time,
resources and effort in advertising, promoting and establishing the goodwill of
the COLDWELL BANKER marks in association with the real estate business. Complainant operates its principal website
at <coldwellbanker.com>.
Respondent registered the disputed domain
name on February 1, 2000. Respondent
has linked the disputed domain name to various websites during the past 17
months. Complainant’s investigation has
revealed that Respondent linked the disputed domain name to websites that
compete with Complainant’s real estates services such as
<centerfind.com>, <foreclosurefreesearch.com>,
<mortgages-loan.net>, <interest-rates-info.com>, and <forsalebyowner.com>.
DISCUSSION
Paragraph 15(a) of the Rules instructs this Panel to
“decide a complaint on the basis of the statements and documents submitted in
accordance with the Policy, these Rules and any rules and principles of law
that it deems applicable.”
In view
of Respondent's failure to submit a Response, the Panel shall decide this
administrative proceeding on the basis of the Complainant's undisputed
representations pursuant to paragraphs 5(e), 14(a) and 15(a) of the Rules and
draw such inferences it considers appropriate pursuant to paragraph 14(b) of
the Rules.
Paragraph
4(a) of the Policy requires that the Complainant must prove each of the
following three elements to obtain an order that a domain name should be
cancelled or transferred:
(1)
the domain name registered by the Respondent is identical or confusingly
similar to a trademark or service mark in which the Complainant has rights; and
(2)
the Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain
name; and
(3)
the domain name has been registered and is being used in bad faith.
Identical and/or Confusingly Similar
Complainant has established that it has
rights to the COLDWELL BANKER mark through registration and continuous use.
Respondent’s <coldwellbankers.com> domain name is confusingly
similar to Complainant’s mark because it uses the Complainant’s entire mark and
merely adds an “s” to the end of Complainant’s mark. The addition of an “s” to the end of Complainant’s mark does not
create a distinct mark capable of overcoming a Policy ¶ 4(a)(i) confusingly
similar analysis. See Universal City Studios, Inc. v.
HarperStephens, D2000-0716 (WIPO Sept. 5, 2000) (finding that deleting the
letter “s” from Complainant’s UNIVERSAL STUDIOS STORE mark did not change the
overall impression of the mark and thus made the disputed domain name
confusingly similar to it); see also Nat’l
Geographic Soc. v. Stoneybrook Inv., FA 96263 (Nat. Arb. Forum Jan. 11,
2001) (finding that the domain name <nationalgeographics.com> was
confusingly similar to Complainant’s “National Geographic” mark).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(i) has
been satisfied.
Rights or Legitimate Interests
Respondent has failed to come forward
with a Response. Therefore the Panel is
permitted to make reasonable inferences in favor of Complainant and accept
Complainant’s allegations as true. See Desotec N.V. v. Jacobi Carbons AB,
D2000-1398 (WIPO Dec. 21, 2000) (finding that failing to respond allows a
presumption that Complainant’s allegations are true unless clearly contradicted
by the evidence); see also Talk
City, Inc. v. Robertson,
D2000-0009 (WIPO Feb. 29, 2000) (“In the absence of a response, it is
appropriate to accept as true all allegations of the Complaint”).
Furthermore, based on Respondent’s
failure to respond, it is presumed that Respondent lacks all rights and
legitimate interests in the disputed domain name. See Do The Hustle, LLC v. Tropic Web,
D2000-0624 (WIPO Aug. 21, 2000) (finding that once Complainant asserts that
Respondent has no rights or legitimate interests in respect of the domain, the
burden shifts to Respondent to provide credible evidence that substantiates its
claim of rights and legitimate interests in the domain name); see also Geocities v. Geociites.com, D2000-0326
(WIPO June 19, 2000) (finding that Respondent has no rights or legitimate
interest in the domain name because Respondent never submitted a Response nor
provided the Panel with evidence to suggest otherwise).
Respondent is using a domain name
identical to Complainant’s COLDWELL BANKER mark in order to divert Internet
users to websites that compete with Complainant’s business. The use of Complainant’s mark in order to
divert Internet users to competing websites for Respondent’s commercial gain is
not considered to be a bona fide offering of goods or services pursuant to
Policy ¶ 4(c)(i), or a legitimate, noncommercial or fair use pursuant to Policy
¶ 4(c)(iii). See Ticketmaster Corp. v. DiscoverNet, Inc.,
D2001-0252 (WIPO Apr. 9, 2001) (finding no rights or legitimate interests where
Respondent generated commercial gain by intentionally and misleadingly
diverting users away from Complainant's site to a competing website); see
also Am. Online Inc. v. Shenzhen JZT
Computer Software Co., D2000-0809 (WIPO Sept. 6, 2000) (finding that
Respondent’s operation of website offering essentially the same services as
Complainant and displaying Complainant’s mark was insufficient for a finding of
bona fide offering of goods or services); see also Toronto-Dominion Bank v. Karpachev, 188 F.Supp.2d 110, 114 (D. Mass. 2002) (finding
that, because Respondent's sole purpose in selecting the domain names was to
cause confusion with Complainant's website and marks, it's use of the names was
not in connection with the offering of goods or services or any other fair use).
Respondent has failed to come forward
with a Response and, therefore, there is no evidence on record that proves that
Respondent is known by any other name than “Personal” as displayed on its WHOIS
information. Complainant’s
investigation has found no evidence, nor has Respondent established that it is
commonly known as COLDWELL BANKERS or <coldwellbankers.com>. Therefore, the Panel finds that Respondent
has no rights or legitimate interests in the disputed domain name pursuant to
Policy ¶ 4(c)(ii). See Gallup Inc. v. Amish Country Store, FA
96209 (Nat. Arb. Forum Jan. 23, 2001) (finding that Respondent does not have
rights in a domain name when Respondent is not known by the mark); see also Compagnie de Saint Gobain v. Com-Union Corp.,
D2000-0020 (WIPO Mar. 14, 2000) (finding no rights or legitimate interests
where Respondent was not commonly known by the mark and never applied for a
license or permission from Complainant to use the trademarked name).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(ii)
has been satisfied.
Registration and Use in Bad Faith
Respondent is using <coldwellbankers.com>
in order to attract Internet users looking for Complainant to a competing
website for Respondent’s commercial gain.
Respondent has used the disputed domain name to divert Internet users to
numerous real estate related websites since its registration of the domain
name. It can be inferred that
Respondent is benefiting from the confusion its diversion of Internet users
creates. Therefore, Respondent’s
behavior constitutes evidence of bad faith use pursuant to Policy ¶
4(b)(iv). See Am. Online, Inc. v. Tencent Comm. Corp.,
FA 93668 (Nat. Arb. Forum Mar. 21, 2000) (finding bad faith where Respondent
registered and used an infringing domain name to attract users to a website
sponsored by Respondent); see also TM
Acquisition Corp. v. Carroll, FA 97035 (Nat. Arb. Forum May 14, 2001)
(finding bad faith where Respondent used the domain name, for commercial gain,
to intentionally attract users to a direct competitor of Complainant).
Based on the longstanding use and
well-known nature of Complainant’s mark it can be inferred that Respondent
registered the disputed domain name with knowledge of Complainant’s
rights. Furthermore, Respondent is using
an infringing domain name in order to attract Internet users to competing real
estate services. It can inferred from
this behavior that Respondent had knowledge of Complainant’s rights in the
COLDWELL BANKER mark. Registration of
an infringing domain name with knowledge of Complainant’s rights is evidence of
bad faith registration pursuant to Policy ¶ 4(a)(iii). See Entrepreneur Media, Inc. v. Smith,
279
F.3d 1135, 1148 (9th Cir. Feb. 11, 2002) (finding that "[w]here an
alleged infringer chooses a mark he knows to be similar to another, one can
infer an intent to confuse"); see also Samsonite Corp. v. Colony Holding, FA 94313 (Nat. Arb. Forum Apr.
17, 2000) (finding that evidence of bad faith includes actual or constructive
knowledge of a commonly known mark at the time of registration).
The Panel finds that Policy ¶ 4(a)(iii)
has been satisfied.
DECISION
Having established all three elements
required under the ICANN Policy, the Panel concludes that the requested relief
shall be hereby granted.
Accordingly, it is Ordered that the domain
name <coldwellbankers.com> be transferred from Respondent
to Complainant.
The Honorable Charles K. McCotter, Jr.
(Ret.), Panelist
Dated: September 26, 2002
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